Some of the pollutants that are most prevalent in the manure, sewage and chemical fertilizers are Nitrates and phosphates. (anitpromoters.com)

Water pollution

The main causes of water pollution are fertilizers and nutrient pollution. Some of the pollutants that are most prevalent in the manure, sewage and chemical fertilizers are Nitrates and phosphates. These pollutants run into the streams and rivers causing excessive growth in aquatic plants and algae leading to clogged waterways and dead zones.

Another cause of water pollution happens when oil, gasoline and additives gets spilled due to a leak in a major oil tanker. This usually gets a lot of coverage and press due to its effects on marine animals, local fisherman and coastal businesses. Oils can also seep into the waterways through the groundwater as a result of a leak or small spill.

Main sources of water pollution can be

• Agriculture                          
• Industries
• Sanitary wastes
• Solid wastes                 
• Natural reasons.

Urbanization: Rapid urbanization in the world during the recent decades has given rise to a number of environmental problems such as water supply, waste water generation and its collection, treatment and disposal. Many towns and cities which came up on the banks of rivers have not given a proper thought to the problems of waste water, sewerage etc. In urban areas, the waste water is let out untreated and causes large scale water pollution.

Industries: Most of the rivers and other sources of fresh water are polluted by industrial wastes or effluents. All these industrial wastes are toxic to life forms that consume this water. Thermal power plants, engineering industries, paper mills, steel plants, textile industries and sugar industries are the major contributors of waste water production.

Agricultural runoff and improper agricultural practices: Traces of fertilizers and pesticides are wasted into the nearest water bodies at the onset of the monsoons or whenever there are heavy showers. Intensive and ever increasing usage of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals cause water pollution. Flood-plain cultivation is another significant contributor to water pollution.

Religious and social practices: Religious faiths and social practices also add to pollution of river waters. Carcasses of cattle and other animals are disposed in the rivers. Dead bodies are cremated on the river banks. Partially burnt bodies are also flung into the river. These practices pollute the river water and adversely affect the water quality. Mass bathing in the river during religious festival is another environmentally harmful practice.

Plastic bags are also very dangerous and further add to the pollution load to the river water.

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