What is Loan?
A thing that is borrowed, esp. a sum of money that is
expected to be paid back with interest.
How is Land Loans Different from Mortgage Loans?
Land loans represent a larger risk to banks because the
collateral, in this case the land itself, isn't being used. In the bank's
opinion, the lack of use increases chance of the borrower walking away from
their property and leaving an unpaid loan behind. In order to protect
themselves from this risk, banks require a larger down payment and higher
interest rates on loans for land.
Unlike home mortgages that typically have a term of 30
years, a land purchase loan generally has a repayment term of 10-15 years.
Additionally, while mortgage interest can be deducted on
your income taxes, the interest on a land loan can only be deducted in certain
circumstances. If you are keeping the land as investment you may be able to
qualify for the interest deduction but it is in your best interest to discuss
this with a qualified financial advisor.
Types of Land Loans
There are a few types of land loans available. In general
land loans are more difficult to qualify for and they require a high down
payment and a higher interest rate than a mortgage. Here is a brief overview of
some of the more common land loan types.
Raw Land Loan - This type of loan will have more strict
requirements than a loan for improved property. Expect higher interest rates
and up to a 50% down payment, although some lenders may only require 20%.
Improved Vacant Land Loans - These types of land loans are
the easiest type of land loan to obtain, particularly if you have immediate
plans to use the property to build upon. The lender will be repaid with the
proceeds of the mortgage when a structure is put on the property therefore this
type of loan is less risky.
Farm Land Loans - If you're planning on purchasing farm
land, you will want to investigate farm land loan programs through the Farm
Service Agency (FSA). The FSA makes loans and also guarantees loans for small,
family-sized ranchers and farmers. The FSA has particular programs for people
who cannot qualify for traditional commercial loans through banks or other
lenders. If you are serious about farming, FSA programs may be for you.
Seller Financing - Occasionally a seller will finance the
sale of their property, allowing you to make payments to them over time. If you
find this kind of deal, make sure you discuss it with your lawyer and make sure
you investigate the property to ensure there are no hidden defects.
Home Equity Loan - If you have equity in your current
residence, you may want to consider a home equity loan to finance your land
loan. You will find that you will be able to get a much better interest rate
since your home will act as collateral for the loan.
Finding the Right Property
Since raw land loans can be difficult to obtain, it makes
sense to look for property that will fit most banks criteria when you go to
apply for a loan. Here are a few things to look for when you begin your land
search.
1. It is more difficult to get a raw land loan than it is to
get a loan on improved property. If you can, find land that has some
improvements on it already. Utilities or other improvements will help you when
it comes time to apply for a land loan.
2. If you decide to purchase raw land, make sure that the
utilities you plan to add later are available. Get an official survey and make
sure you fully understand the access rights. If you don't have clear access
rights you may have problems getting a raw land loan.
3. Verify clean title and make sure there are no other
issues that could raise a red flag to the lender.
How to find a Land Loan Lender
Getting a good land loan can be a challenge. It can be to
your advantage to work with a local lender particularly if you are considering
buying raw land. A local lender will be more familiar with the area and
possibly the property itself.
When it comes time to apply for a mortgage land loan, the
best way to find a good lender is to ask for referrals. Ask your friends,
family and co-workers for their recommendations of mortgage lenders and
brokers. A great source of referrals will be your real estate agent who may be
able to point you at a land loan specialist in your area.
There are also several online land loan lenders available.
Online lenders can be a great resource and allow you to compare quotes from the
privacy of your own home.
Conclusion
Land loans differ from mortgages in several ways and it is
important to keep those differences in mind when looking for a loan for land.
Expect higher interest rates and a larger down payment requirement. When you
shop for your land keep in mind the types of land loans available and try to
find an improved piece of property as you will be able to qualify for better
rates. Ask friends and relatives and your real estate agent for referrals when
it comes time to find a lender for your land loan. There are several programs
on the market and since programs can vary greatly it pays to shop around. With
the information you've learned from this article you should be able to identify
the type of land loan you are likely to need and have a few great tips of where
to go to find a good land loan deal.
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